"There are different academic writing types: thesis, dissertation, article and essay. The first three types are scientific papers which can be evaluated under "scholarly discipline". It has been given by the online dictionary "Merriam-Webster" (2020) as "an analytic or interpretative literary composition usually dealing with its subject from a limited or personal view".
Essays may involve some scientific information. However, it is not something full of scientific information. The writer has more freedom to share his/her opinions than an academic article."
*Tomak, B. (2021). Introduction to academic writing : from theory to practice . Ankara : Pegem Akademi.