Without a research question, the readers will struggle to see what the research adds up to. Writers need a research question to guide the research leading up to the paper. Without a research question, the author also will struggle to figure out what information is needed.
With a research question, you can know what facts to look for and, when you find them, which ones to use in your paper.
*Turabian, K. L. (2010). Student's Guide for Writing College Papers. University of Chicago Press.